The 3rd lesson is about the plural in Esperanto and how to create it from the singular form. In addition, I will include a list of vocabulary about languages, nationalities, and countries. Finally, you will find some common everyday sentences. I will try to give examples using both vocabulary and grammar. That way it will be easy for you to see the words when they are separate and when they are in a sentence. Going through the whole page should take about 30 min. Make sure to read the pronunciation and hear the audio as well. If you have any question about this course, please email me directly at Esperanto Classes.
Plural
Knowing how to create the plural from the singular word can double the vocabulary you already know. It can make it easy to have a conversation about different topics by simply knowing some grammatical rules. For example how to change the word "book" to "books" or "woman" to "women".
Below is a list of singular words and their plural equivalent. I included examples about nature as well as about humans. The table contains 3 columns (English, Esperanto, and Audio). Make sure you repeat each word after hearing it by either clicking on the audio button or by reading the pronunciation. That should help with memorization as well as improving your pronunciation.
Singular vs. Plural in Esperanto
English
Esperanto
Audio
Country
lando
Countries
Landoj
Lake
lago
Lakes
lagoj
Language
lingvo
Languages
Lingvoj
Woman
virino
Women
virinoj
Man
viro
Men
viroj
Boy
knabo
Boys
knaboj
Girl
knabino
Girls
knabinoj
Now we will try to implement some of the words above into full Esperanto sentences. That way you will be able to see how both forms are used when embedded in a structure.
Singular vs. Plural in a Sentence
English
Esperanto
Audio
We speak two languages
Ni parolas du lingvojn
They speak four languages
Ili parolas kvar lingvojn
I visited one country
Mi vizitis unu landon
She visited three countries
Ŝi vizitis tri landojn
She has one sister
Ŝi havas unu fratinon
He has two sisters
Li havas du fratinojn
Questions?
If you have any questions, please contact me using the Esperanto contact form on the header above.
Vocabulary List about Languages, Nationalities, and Countries
Below is a list of 50 words related to languages, nationalities, and countries. If you can memorize them by heart, you will be able to have a good conversation about how many languages you speak or where you came from.
Languages Nationalities and Countries List in Esperanto
English
Esperanto
Audio
Arabic (language)
araba
Moroccan (nationality)
Maroka
Morocco (country)
maroko
Brazilian (language)
brazila
Brazilian (nationality)
Brazilana
Brazil (country)
Brazilo
Chinese (language)
ĉina
Chinese (nationality)
Cxinia
China (country)
ĉinio
English (language)
Esperanto
British (nationality)
Brita
Britain (country)
Britio
American (nationality)
Amerikana
America (country)
Ameriko
French (language)
franca
French (nationality)
franca
France (country)
francio
German (language)
germana
German (nationality)
Germana
Germany (country)
germanio
Greek (language)
greka
Greek (nationality)
Greka
Greece (country)
grekio
Hindi (language)
hindia
Indian (nationality)
Ameriandiana Indiana / Hinda
India (country)
indujo
Irish (language)
Irlanda
Irish (nationality)
Irlanda
Ireland (country)
Irlando
Italian (language)
itala
Italian (nationality)
Itala
Italy (country)
italo
Japanese (language)
japana
Japanese (nationality)
Japana
Japan (country)
japanio
Korean (language)
Korea
Korean (nationality)
Korea
Korea (country)
Koreo
Persian (language)
Persa
Iranian (nationality)
Irania
Iran (country)
Irano
Portuguese (language)
portugala
Portuguese (nationality)
Portugala
Portugal (country)
Portugalo
Russian (language)
rusa
Russian (nationality)
Rusa
Russia (country)
rusio
Spanish (language)
hispana
Spanish (nationality)
Hispana
Spain (country)
hispanio
Daily Conversation in Esperanto
Finally, a list of sentences about languages, nationalities, and countries plus some bonus phrases. For a complete list of commonly used sentences, please visit our Esperanto Phrases page. Enjoy!
Common Expressions in Esperanto
English
Esperanto
Audio
Languages
I don't speak Korean
Mi ne parolas la korea
I love the Japanese language
Mi amas Japana Lingvo
I speak Italian
Mi parolas la italan lingvon
I want to learn Spanish
Mi volas lerni la Hispanan lingvon
My mother tongue is German
Mia denaska lingvo estas la germana
Spanish is easy to learn
Hispana estas facxila por lerni
Origins
He has a Moroccan rug
Li havas unuan morokan tapisxeton
I have an American car
Mian automobilo estas amerikana
I love French cheese
Mi amas la franca fromagxio
I'm Italian
Mi estas Itala
My father is Greek
Mian Patro estas Greka
My wife is Korean
Mian edzino estas Korean
Countries
Have you ever been to India?
Ĉu vi iam estis en Hindio?
I came from Spain
Mi venas de Hispanio
I live in America
Mi vivas en Ameriko
I want to go to Germany
Mi volas iri al Germanio
I was born in Italy
Mi naskiĝis en Italio
Japan is a beautiful country
Japanio estas bela lando
Phrases
Long time no see
Dum longa tempo nenia renkonto
I missed you
Vi mankis al mi
What's new?
Kio novas?
Nothing new
Nenio nova
Make yourself at home!
Faru al vi hejme!
Have a good trip
Havu bonan vojaĝon
Fun Facts
Language Quote that by simply knowing how to form the plural, you can double the number of nouns in your vocabulary, without having to memorize all the plural form.
Congratulations! You finished your third lesson in Esperanto about singular, plural, languages, nationalities, and countries. Are you ready for the next lesson? We recommend Esperanto Lesson 4. You can also simply click on one of the links below or go back to our Learn Esperanto homepage.